2 Lab 3 Cells
Figure 3.1 Schematic diagram of an animal cell
Table 3.1 Functions of common organelles found in an animal cells
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Organelle |
Function |
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Nucleus |
A membrane-bound structure that contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities. Only found in eukaryotes |
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Nucleolus |
Produces ribosomes, which are critical for protein synthesis of cells
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Ribosome |
Synthesizes proteins from amino acids. They are smaller than lysosomes. |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) |
A membrane-bound organelle that is involved in synthesis and processing of proteins; studded with ribosomes |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth) |
A membrane-bound organelle that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies certain chemicals in the cell |
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Golgi Apparatus |
A membrane-bound organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion |
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Lysosome |
A membrane-bound organelle that digests macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms and found only in animal cells |
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Peroxisome |
Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in oxidation of biomolecules that lead to the generation of hydrogen peroxide. They reduce reactive oxygen species, and are also involved in the biosynthesis of plasmalogens, which are membrane lipids. | 
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Mitochondria |
A membrane-bound organelle that produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration |
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Chloroplast |
A membrane organelle that conducts photosynthesis in plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy, found in plant cells and some cyanobacteria, algae, and protists |
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Cell Membrane |
The plasma membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Also helps to maintain the shape of the cell |
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Cell Wall |
Provides structural support and protection in plant cells, bacteria, and fungi. Surrounds the cell membrane of cells, and serves as a barrier to adjacent cells. |
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Cytoplasm
Cytosol |
Gel-like substance in the cell, including organelles that are suspended within; it’s one of the sites of metabolic processes
The gel-like substance only |
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Cytoskeleton |
Maintains cell shape, provides mechanical support, and facilitates movement |
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Vacuole |
A membrane-bound storage-like structure that stores nutrients, waste, and water; maintains turgor pressure. It’s larger in plant cells\s than animal cells and maintaining turgor pressure.
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Centrioles |
A pair of perpendicular structures Involved in cell division and formation of spindle fibers that attach to chromosomes during cell division |
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Cilia and Flagella |
Protein extension of cells that are Involved in cell movement and locomotion. Found only in animals cells or certain prokaryotes |
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Secretory Vesicles |
Transports materials to the cell membrane for secretion |
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Plasmodesmata |
Channels between plant cell walls that allow for communication and transport between neighboring cells. The equivalent in animal cells are gap junctions, which are found in cardiac tissue. |
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Microtubules |
Provide structural support and are involved in intracellular transport |
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Microfilaments |
Involved in cell movement and shape maintenance |
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Chromatin |
Packages DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the nucleus and protect it |
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Nuclear Envelope |
A membrane-bound organelle that encloses the nuclear substances and regulates the passage of materials in and out of the nucleus cell via small openings called nuclear pores |
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Centrosome and Centromere |
Contains a pair of cylindrical structures called ‘centrioles’ that are oriented perpendicular to one another that serves as an attachment site for microtubules during cell division A special area on chromosomes that serves as the site for kinetochore formation during mitosis or meiosis and is the attachment site for microtubules that pull chromosomes apart
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Cajal bodies |
Small spherical structures (shown in green) found in the nucleolus region of the nucleus of cells, including neurons, that assembles and modify RNA, and is associated with the formation of telomerase and biogenesis of small nuclear ribonuclear proteins |
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Stroma |
The fluid-filled space inside chloroplasts where the Calvin (dark ) cycle occurs, which is a cycle produces glucose and other carbohydrates using O2 from the atmosphere, as well as utilizing ATP and NADPH, which are products from photosynthetic light reactions |
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Thylakoids |
Membrane-bound structures in chloroplasts where light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur |
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Activity 3.1
INSTRUCTIONS
Complete the handout provided by your instructor. Summarize the information for the functions of organelles in your own words. Label the organelles on the cell model on your handout.
