Module 01: What is Neuroscience?

Description: Before we can dig into the complexities of how the brain works, we must first understand what neuroscience is as a discipline. This module introduces you to the foundations of neuroscience as an interdisciplinary field, explores its fascinating history, & examines the ethical & evolutionary principles that guide modern neuroscience research.

Why This Module is Important: Understanding the foundations of neuroscience is essential for anyone entering the field of psychology, especially future counselors, clinicians, educators, & researchers. This module introduces the interdisciplinary nature of neuroscience, its historical development, & the ethical principles that guide research & practice.

For counselors, this module provides:

• A scientific framework for understanding how brain function relates to behavior, emotion, & mental health.
• Insight into the ethical considerations of working with vulnerable populations, including those affected by neurological or psychological disorders.
• A foundation for interpreting neuroscience-informed approaches to therapy, such as trauma-informed care or neurofeedback.

For other psychology professionals, this module supports:

• Critical evaluation of research claims & evidence-based practices.
• Appreciation of how neuroscience integrates with fields like cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, & health psychology.
• Ethical decision-making in research, clinical work, & public policy related to brain science.

Module Learning Objectives: By the end of this module students will be able to…

• MLO1: Identify key historical figures, events, & research methods in neuroscience. (CLO1, ULO1)
• MLO2: Analyze the ethical implications & considerations of neuroscience research on human & animal subjects. (CLO2, CLO3, ULO1)
• MLO3: Construct evidence-based arguments for & against stem cell research, evaluating both scientific merit & ethical considerations. (CLO3, CLO4, ULO1)

Test Yourself: If you truly “know” this material then you will be able to…

• Summarize the major developments in neuroscience history from ancient trepanation through 19th-century discoveries, demonstrating understanding of how scientific knowledge progressed over time. (MLO1)
• Evaluate how the ethical guidelines for human & animal research adequately address the concerns raised by specific neuroscience research methods. (MLO2)
• Evaluate how the ethical guidelines for human & animal research adequately address the concerns raised by specific neuroscience research methods. (MLO3)